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	<title>Comments on: Second Avenue Subway Keeps on Slipping Into the Future</title>
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	<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/</link>
	<description>Covering the New York City Streets Renaissance</description>
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		<title>By: Shannon</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-172391</link>
		<dc:creator>Shannon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Dec 2009 21:02:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-172391</guid>
		<description>Is anyone able to identify the errors in the (2nd ave subway) project conception along the way, and show how a different framing of the project would have made a difference and why??

I look forward to your feedback/thoughts!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Is anyone able to identify the errors in the (2nd ave subway) project conception along the way, and show how a different framing of the project would have made a difference and why??</p>
<p>I look forward to your feedback/thoughts!</p>
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		<title>By: gecko</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-91561</link>
		<dc:creator>gecko</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2009 16:52:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-91561</guid>
		<description>#26 Woody (more), &quot;To meet the demand of just 200,000 passengers . . .&quot;

During the last three Saturdays in August 2009 (Aug 8, 15, 22) Park Avenue will be closed to cars from 72nd Street down to Centre Street and the Brooklyn Bridge for the 200,000 people expected to participate.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>#26 Woody (more), &#8220;To meet the demand of just 200,000 passengers . . .&#8221;</p>
<p>During the last three Saturdays in August 2009 (Aug 8, 15, 22) Park Avenue will be closed to cars from 72nd Street down to Centre Street and the Brooklyn Bridge for the 200,000 people expected to participate.</p>
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		<title>By: gecko</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-88001</link>
		<dc:creator>gecko</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2009 20:42:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-88001</guid>
		<description>#26 Woody,  &quot;To meet the demand of just 200,000 passengers . . .&quot;

Obviously, you&#039;re talking about meeting the demand by distributing these people over time vertically and horizontally.

Of course, you can do this at any given time by sending them straight to their destinations.  Subways cannot do this.  And, remember you are spending a minimum of $2 billion per mile build costs with additional $billions ongoing thereafter.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>#26 Woody,  &#8220;To meet the demand of just 200,000 passengers . . .&#8221;</p>
<p>Obviously, you&#8217;re talking about meeting the demand by distributing these people over time vertically and horizontally.</p>
<p>Of course, you can do this at any given time by sending them straight to their destinations.  Subways cannot do this.  And, remember you are spending a minimum of $2 billion per mile build costs with additional $billions ongoing thereafter.</p>
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		<title>By: Woody</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-87911</link>
		<dc:creator>Woody</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2009 18:28:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-87911</guid>
		<description>This delay suggests that we should hurry to start work on Part 2, heading up from 96th St. to 125. If it&#039;s gonna take longer than expected, we should start on it earlier.

Anyway, I do believe the SAS has reached or passed the point of no return. So much work has been done, so much has been spent, that it would be total folly to stop the project and settle for buses.

The Second Avenue Sagas blog reported that the earlier estimates were overoptimistic, and shoring up walls along the subway route, for example, turned out to be more time-consuming than forecast.


Nonetheless the Second Avenue line is worth completing, certainly Parts 1 &amp; 2.

Ben Kabak of SAS also does a calculation re BRT:
&quot;Articulated buses can fit 145 passengers. To meet the demand of just 200,000 passengers, the MTA would have to run around 58 buses per hour for 24 hours. Simply put, that’s impossible.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This delay suggests that we should hurry to start work on Part 2, heading up from 96th St. to 125. If it&#8217;s gonna take longer than expected, we should start on it earlier.</p>
<p>Anyway, I do believe the SAS has reached or passed the point of no return. So much work has been done, so much has been spent, that it would be total folly to stop the project and settle for buses.</p>
<p>The Second Avenue Sagas blog reported that the earlier estimates were overoptimistic, and shoring up walls along the subway route, for example, turned out to be more time-consuming than forecast.</p>
<p>Nonetheless the Second Avenue line is worth completing, certainly Parts 1 &amp; 2.</p>
<p>Ben Kabak of SAS also does a calculation re BRT:<br />
&#8220;Articulated buses can fit 145 passengers. To meet the demand of just 200,000 passengers, the MTA would have to run around 58 buses per hour for 24 hours. Simply put, that’s impossible.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Nathanael</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-87131</link>
		<dc:creator>Nathanael</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 07:45:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-87131</guid>
		<description>Um, this schedule is indeed ludicrous.  The hard part is the surface digging, because of all the buried utilities and undocumented basements, and they&#039;ve *done* most of that.  

Boring deep tunnels is straightforward; mining is straightforward; laying track and signal is straightforward; filling in a station is straightforward.  Why do the feds not believe that the easy part can be completed in six years?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Um, this schedule is indeed ludicrous.  The hard part is the surface digging, because of all the buried utilities and undocumented basements, and they&#8217;ve *done* most of that.  </p>
<p>Boring deep tunnels is straightforward; mining is straightforward; laying track and signal is straightforward; filling in a station is straightforward.  Why do the feds not believe that the easy part can be completed in six years?</p>
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		<title>By: Peter Smith</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-86451</link>
		<dc:creator>Peter Smith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:44:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-86451</guid>
		<description>the answer to dealing with setbacks should not generally be &#039;give up&#039; -- it should instead be &#039;persevere&#039;.

we should get some real oversight of the 2nd Ave project, that&#039;s for sure.

but quitting is not the answer. big projects sometimes take a long time to complete -- and that&#039;s ok. our kids and grandkids will thank us. let&#039;s be better than our parents&#039; generation -- let&#039;s not ruin what&#039;s left of the country. that means sacrificing today for a better tomorrow -- on at least this issue.

if we decided to bail on the subway system, at least we should provide surface rail. why not? i hear other countries do it. and New York City used to have a whole network of surface rail. it can be done again.

as for moving people from point A to point B, there are plenty of ways to do it, and us advocates have a large say. we should be promoting decent, dignified transportation, not jam-packing people into BRT buses, treating people like human cargo -- like some sort of modern-day &lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Slaveshipposter.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;slave ship&lt;/a&gt;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>the answer to dealing with setbacks should not generally be &#8216;give up&#8217; &#8212; it should instead be &#8216;persevere&#8217;.</p>
<p>we should get some real oversight of the 2nd Ave project, that&#8217;s for sure.</p>
<p>but quitting is not the answer. big projects sometimes take a long time to complete &#8212; and that&#8217;s ok. our kids and grandkids will thank us. let&#8217;s be better than our parents&#8217; generation &#8212; let&#8217;s not ruin what&#8217;s left of the country. that means sacrificing today for a better tomorrow &#8212; on at least this issue.</p>
<p>if we decided to bail on the subway system, at least we should provide surface rail. why not? i hear other countries do it. and New York City used to have a whole network of surface rail. it can be done again.</p>
<p>as for moving people from point A to point B, there are plenty of ways to do it, and us advocates have a large say. we should be promoting decent, dignified transportation, not jam-packing people into BRT buses, treating people like human cargo &#8212; like some sort of modern-day <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Slaveshipposter.jpg" rel="nofollow">slave ship</a>.</p>
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		<title>By: Charles Siegel</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-86191</link>
		<dc:creator>Charles Siegel</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 16:27:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-86191</guid>
		<description>&quot;the richest city in the world has been trying and failing to build the Second Avenue Subway since the 1960s.&quot;
The NYT says it was first announced in 1929.

The problem, of course, is that all the federal funding after WWII went to highways, and the subways were not expanded after the 1930s.  

But there is a growing realization that we need to turn around federal transportation spending to fight global warming.  The fact that NY is expanding the subways again for the first time in 70 years is an early sign of this change, and the change should accellerate in the future.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;the richest city in the world has been trying and failing to build the Second Avenue Subway since the 1960s.&#8221;<br />
The NYT says it was first announced in 1929.</p>
<p>The problem, of course, is that all the federal funding after WWII went to highways, and the subways were not expanded after the 1930s.  </p>
<p>But there is a growing realization that we need to turn around federal transportation spending to fight global warming.  The fact that NY is expanding the subways again for the first time in 70 years is an early sign of this change, and the change should accellerate in the future.</p>
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		<title>By: BikingViking</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-86011</link>
		<dc:creator>BikingViking</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 14:53:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-86011</guid>
		<description>Heres a link to the 1939 planned subway map James was talking about earlier

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/1939_IND_Second_System.jpg

It&#039;s to bad all the federal money after WWII started going to road works and not to trains, otherwise this plan would be a reality.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Heres a link to the 1939 planned subway map James was talking about earlier</p>
<p><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/1939_IND_Second_System.jpg" rel="nofollow">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/1939_IND_Second_System.jpg</a></p>
<p>It&#8217;s to bad all the federal money after WWII started going to road works and not to trains, otherwise this plan would be a reality.</p>
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		<title>By: Cavan</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85961</link>
		<dc:creator>Cavan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 14:16:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85961</guid>
		<description>Let&#039;s stop with the bs about BRT being any sort of replacement for heavy rail.  You get what you pay for.  End of story.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Let&#8217;s stop with the bs about BRT being any sort of replacement for heavy rail.  You get what you pay for.  End of story.</p>
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		<title>By: Larry Littlefield</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85921</link>
		<dc:creator>Larry Littlefield</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 14:05:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85921</guid>
		<description>Look at what we are using here:  the internet.  Information technology is just about the only thing that has happened in the past 25 years that has actually allowed younger generations to have it better than people used to.

You&#039;d think that here in New York they could have stopped it.  How did they let it happen?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Look at what we are using here:  the internet.  Information technology is just about the only thing that has happened in the past 25 years that has actually allowed younger generations to have it better than people used to.</p>
<p>You&#8217;d think that here in New York they could have stopped it.  How did they let it happen?</p>
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		<title>By: gecko</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85831</link>
		<dc:creator>gecko</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:44:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85831</guid>
		<description>Transporting data in packets and frames requires a certain amount of overhead often described as headers and footers to define these packets and frames and an analog to the train and bus containers that transportation designers build for people (or vice versa).

Large headers and footers means that a lot of data has to be allocated to these structures and less data can be transported at a given time over a given line unless the packets can be sent faster.

Streaming data eliminates this.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Transporting data in packets and frames requires a certain amount of overhead often described as headers and footers to define these packets and frames and an analog to the train and bus containers that transportation designers build for people (or vice versa).</p>
<p>Large headers and footers means that a lot of data has to be allocated to these structures and less data can be transported at a given time over a given line unless the packets can be sent faster.</p>
<p>Streaming data eliminates this.</p>
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		<title>By: gecko</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85821</link>
		<dc:creator>gecko</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:32:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85821</guid>
		<description>Ants are really smart and they really like to move and they are really strong and they build stuff.  You don&#039;t see ants building ant buses and ant trains and carrying them on their backs.  

They stream all about quite well without the terrific overhead required to transport their companions in large vehicles. 

And, if they only had bicycles!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ants are really smart and they really like to move and they are really strong and they build stuff.  You don&#8217;t see ants building ant buses and ant trains and carrying them on their backs.  </p>
<p>They stream all about quite well without the terrific overhead required to transport their companions in large vehicles. </p>
<p>And, if they only had bicycles!</p>
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		<title>By: gecko</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85811</link>
		<dc:creator>gecko</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:25:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85811</guid>
		<description>Packing people into large vechicles such as buses and trains and moving them fast is not the most efficient, comfortable, practical, cost-effective way to provide transportation.  It is just that simple.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Packing people into large vechicles such as buses and trains and moving them fast is not the most efficient, comfortable, practical, cost-effective way to provide transportation.  It is just that simple.</p>
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		<title>By: Rob Stumpf</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85761</link>
		<dc:creator>Rob Stumpf</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 09:41:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85761</guid>
		<description>Since Robert Moses, we really haven&#039;t built anything at all of serious note (except for perhaps the water tunnel, which is largely out of city limits).   We can&#039;t even rebuild Ground Zero, which is mostly a hole in the ground nearly ten years later. We&#039;ve lost the will and the energy and the drive to do such things. Our public institutions have grown ridiculously fat, corrupt and useless, mirroring the society they represent.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Since Robert Moses, we really haven&#8217;t built anything at all of serious note (except for perhaps the water tunnel, which is largely out of city limits).   We can&#8217;t even rebuild Ground Zero, which is mostly a hole in the ground nearly ten years later. We&#8217;ve lost the will and the energy and the drive to do such things. Our public institutions have grown ridiculously fat, corrupt and useless, mirroring the society they represent.</p>
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		<title>By: Peter Smith</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85741</link>
		<dc:creator>Peter Smith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 08:44:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85741</guid>
		<description>did my comment get culled? could have swore i was staring at it after it successfully posted.  :(</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>did my comment get culled? could have swore i was staring at it after it successfully posted.  <img src='http://www.streetsblog.org/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_sad.gif' alt=':(' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<title>By: BRTvsHeavyRail</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85701</link>
		<dc:creator>BRTvsHeavyRail</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 06:12:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85701</guid>
		<description>I call total BS on this idea that BRT properly configured can carry as much as a subway.

It is simply not true. Having lived in LA in the 1990s I saw this song and dance back then as well by the BRT people.  They said it would attract people to ride it, it was a subway on wheels, with the same speed and capacity of the subway etc etc.  

Reality shows it cannot carry the same amount because the buses dont carry nearly enough and you can only run them so frequently due to cross-traffic.

Look at Wilshire Blvd in LA, BRT was supposed to save it from having a subway there, and the buses are jammed with no ability to add more (and they never got their own lane either).


Plus when a bus has a crash, and they will with cross traffic etc, and people get injured the MTA will be forced to slow down the BRT.


BRT has its place but please this BRT is a subway on wheels stuff is insulting and frankly naive.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I call total BS on this idea that BRT properly configured can carry as much as a subway.</p>
<p>It is simply not true. Having lived in LA in the 1990s I saw this song and dance back then as well by the BRT people.  They said it would attract people to ride it, it was a subway on wheels, with the same speed and capacity of the subway etc etc.  </p>
<p>Reality shows it cannot carry the same amount because the buses dont carry nearly enough and you can only run them so frequently due to cross-traffic.</p>
<p>Look at Wilshire Blvd in LA, BRT was supposed to save it from having a subway there, and the buses are jammed with no ability to add more (and they never got their own lane either).</p>
<p>Plus when a bus has a crash, and they will with cross traffic etc, and people get injured the MTA will be forced to slow down the BRT.</p>
<p>BRT has its place but please this BRT is a subway on wheels stuff is insulting and frankly naive.</p>
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		<title>By: bikerider</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85681</link>
		<dc:creator>bikerider</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 05:35:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85681</guid>
		<description>&quot;This bit from Walter Hook leaped out at me: &#039;...it would have higher demand than almost any other metro line in the country.&#039;&quot;


It would have higher demand than all other metro lines COMBINED.

Remember that, next time you read about BILLIONS in FTA funding being pissed away on rinky dink light rail lines in autotopia hell-holes like Phoenix, San Jose, or Sacramento.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;This bit from Walter Hook leaped out at me: &#8216;&#8230;it would have higher demand than almost any other metro line in the country.&#8217;&#8221;</p>
<p>It would have higher demand than all other metro lines COMBINED.</p>
<p>Remember that, next time you read about BILLIONS in FTA funding being pissed away on rinky dink light rail lines in autotopia hell-holes like Phoenix, San Jose, or Sacramento.</p>
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		<title>By: Cap'n Transit</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85671</link>
		<dc:creator>Cap'n Transit</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 04:19:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85671</guid>
		<description>Since when has Japan been lacking in political BS?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Since when has Japan been lacking in political BS?</p>
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		<title>By: Sal</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85661</link>
		<dc:creator>Sal</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 03:21:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85661</guid>
		<description>You know why Japan and China could lay out 10 miles of subway in a year??? because they dont have to put up with all the political BS that NYers have to.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You know why Japan and China could lay out 10 miles of subway in a year??? because they dont have to put up with all the political BS that NYers have to.</p>
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		<title>By: Dan Berkman</title>
		<link>http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/07/21/second-avenue-subway-keeps-on-slipping-into-the-future/comment-page-1/#comment-85641</link>
		<dc:creator>Dan Berkman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2009 01:48:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.streetsblog.org/?p=14621#comment-85641</guid>
		<description>There&#039;s no reason to throw the baby out with the bath water here.  Plenty of western democracies have built heavy rail subways faster and cheaper.  Barcelona is building a 25 mile tunnel that they say will be done by 2012.  Maybe someone can explain exactly why the cost is so high but my uneducated guesses are:

-Bidding took place during the construciton boom when workers and materials were as expensive as they&#039;ve ever been
-There are not as many large construction firms that are able to do the work in NYC and those firms often have deep relationships with city agencies and are able to jack up the price. 
-Rules that require low bidders to be approved even if such bidders cannot adequately complete the job.

We need to be able to complete these kinds of major infrastructure projects without giving up. The momentum generated by completing more projects is fantastic.  When this is done the city will have more energy to start more projects and more people with the skills and experience to get the job done.  If we quit and go home it&#039;s kind of like admitting that we will never be able to handle projects of this complexity again, and that would be an even greater loss than not building a Second Avenue Subway.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There&#8217;s no reason to throw the baby out with the bath water here.  Plenty of western democracies have built heavy rail subways faster and cheaper.  Barcelona is building a 25 mile tunnel that they say will be done by 2012.  Maybe someone can explain exactly why the cost is so high but my uneducated guesses are:</p>
<p>-Bidding took place during the construciton boom when workers and materials were as expensive as they&#8217;ve ever been<br />
-There are not as many large construction firms that are able to do the work in NYC and those firms often have deep relationships with city agencies and are able to jack up the price.<br />
-Rules that require low bidders to be approved even if such bidders cannot adequately complete the job.</p>
<p>We need to be able to complete these kinds of major infrastructure projects without giving up. The momentum generated by completing more projects is fantastic.  When this is done the city will have more energy to start more projects and more people with the skills and experience to get the job done.  If we quit and go home it&#8217;s kind of like admitting that we will never be able to handle projects of this complexity again, and that would be an even greater loss than not building a Second Avenue Subway.</p>
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